{"id":7861,"date":"2025-09-23T15:48:16","date_gmt":"2025-09-23T13:48:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.herald-avocats.com\/?p=7861"},"modified":"2025-09-23T15:48:16","modified_gmt":"2025-09-23T13:48:16","slug":"general-court-finds-board-of-appeals-assessment-unintelligible-in-soho-dispute","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.herald-avocats.com\/en\/general-court-finds-board-of-appeals-assessment-unintelligible-in-soho-dispute\/","title":{"rendered":"General Court finds Board of Appeal\u2019s assessment \u201cunintelligible\u201d in SOHO dispute"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva, sans-serif; color: #808080;\">General Court finds Board of Appeal\u2019s assessment \u201cunintelligible\u201d in SOHO dispute<\/span><\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808080; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva, sans-serif;\">23th september 2025<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-197 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/www.herald-avocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/MILCHIOR-Richard-e1662040208539-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"Richard Milchior avocat Propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle et industrielle\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.herald-avocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/MILCHIOR-Richard-e1662040208539-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.herald-avocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/MILCHIOR-Richard-e1662040208539-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.herald-avocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/MILCHIOR-Richard-e1662040208539.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/> \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808080; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva, sans-serif;\"><a style=\"color: #808080;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.herald-avocats.com\/avocats\/richard-milchior\/\">Richard Milchior<\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808080; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva, sans-serif;\">&#8211; The General Court has annulled the Fifth Board of Appeal\u2019s decision in opposition proceedings involving the marks SOHO and THE KING OF SOHO in Class 33<br \/>\n&#8211; The board\u2019s reasoning as to the public\u2019s level of attention was contradictory and rendered the board\u2019s assessment unintelligible<br \/>\n&#8211; The reasoning as to the comparison of the goods contained a series of contradictory reasons<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #808080; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva, sans-serif;\">On 23 July 2025 the General Court issued its decision in Case T\u2011563\/23. Applicant Pernod-Ricard sought the alteration or annulment of the 19 June 2023 decision of the EUIPO\u2019s Fifth Board of Appeal. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #808080; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva, sans-serif;\">Background<\/span><\/h6>\n<h6 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<\/h6>\n<div class=\"paragraph\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #808080; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva, sans-serif;\">On 18 July 2018 West End Drinks Ltd filed an EU trademark in Class 23 for gin and vodka in respect of the following figurative sign:<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-7856\" src=\"https:\/\/www.herald-avocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/soho.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"186\" height=\"204\" \/><\/p>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div><span style=\"color: #808080; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva, sans-serif;\">The application was opposed on the basis of:<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #808080; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva, sans-serif;\">&#8211; the earlier EU word mark SOHO (No 4 660 494), filed in respect of \u201calcoholic beverages (except beers), namely liqueurs and prepared wine cocktails\u201d in Class 33; and<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #808080; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva, sans-serif;\">&#8211; the earlier French word mark SOHO (No 1 394 356), filed in respect of \u201cspirits, liqueurs and notably cocktails and cocktail bases\u201d in Class 33.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div><span style=\"color: #808080; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva, sans-serif;\">The EUIPO\u2019s Opposition Division upheld the opposition and, in June 2023, the Fifth Board of Appeal upheld the appeal and rejected the opposition. On 15 November 2023 a decision correcting this decision was adopted.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div><span style=\"color: #808080; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva, sans-serif;\">By judgment of 20 November 2024 in Case T\u201113\/24, the General Court annulled in part the decision of 15 November 2023 and invited the parties to submit their observations on the effects to be drawn from the November 2024 judgment.<\/span><\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div><strong style=\"color: #808080; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva, sans-serif; text-align: justify;\">Decision<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<div>\u00a0<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808080; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva, sans-serif;\">The applicant relied on two pleas in law; the second, alleging infringement of Article 94(1) of Regulation 2017\/1001 and of Article 41(1) and (2) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, was the only one that was examined.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808080; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva, sans-serif;\">The applicant asserted that:<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #808080; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva, sans-serif;\">&#8211; the reasoning of the contested decision was vitiated by multiple contradictions;<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #808080; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva, sans-serif;\">&#8211; the Board of Appeal had distorted the content of the judgment of 28 April 2021 in Case T\u201131\/20); and the board had referred to misleading citations of irrelevant case law. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808080; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva, sans-serif;\">The first sentence of Article 94(1) of Regulation 2017\/1001 provides that decisions of EUIPO must state the reasons on which they are based, and a contradictory or unintelligible statement of reasons amounts to a failure to state reasons (see Case C\u2011114\/19 P). It is in the light of that case law that the plea was examined.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808080; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva, sans-serif;\">First, as regards the relevant territory and the relevant public, the Board of Appeal had stated at Paragraph 45 that it had decided to assess the likelihood of confusion in respect of the public in Spain and France, but in\u00a0 Paragraph 47, it had stated that, as regards the earlier EU trademark, the use of which had been proved, the relevant territory was the whole European Union. Further, the contested decision referred to the perception of the \u201cEnglish-speaking public\u201d and \u201cmost of the English-speaking public\u201d in Paragraphs 66 and 100, respectively.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808080; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva, sans-serif;\">The court found that the contested decision contained a clear contradiction in that, on the one hand, the board had expressly confined itself to assessing the likelihood of confusion with regard to the public in Spain and France and, on the other, had referred to the perception of the \u201cEnglish-speaking public\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808080; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva, sans-serif;\">The board presented that inconsistency as an error of transcription in the corrigendum of 15 November 2023. In its judgment of 20 November 2024 in Case T\u201113\/24, the court had annulled the decision in question on the ground that the error relating to the content of Paragraph 45 was not so obvious as to imply, without discussion, that this paragraph should be deleted. As the court pointed out, the paragraph at issue could be understood as echoing other considerations set out in Paragraphs 30 and 35 relating to the examination of the evidence of genuine use of the earlier EU trademark and which referred to invoices showing use in Spain, and to invoices and market studies showing use in France.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808080; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva, sans-serif;\">As a result of that contradiction, the court was unable to understand the board\u2019s reasoning concerning the relevant territory and the relevant public and, consequently, to exercise effective judicial review. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808080; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva, sans-serif;\">Secondly, as regards the level of attention of the relevant public, the Board of Appeal had stated in Paragraphs 50 and 51 that alcoholic beverages were aimed at the adult general public over 18 years of age and that the level of attention with regard to those goods was average. However, in Paragraph 52, it stated that the average consumer of alcohol would pay attention to the class and type of beverage, its characteristics, its origin, its production method, the trademark and price, that they would also pay attention to detail in view of the great variety of competing products, and that they would choose a beverage from one group or the other carefully, considering the potential significant effects that alcohol consumption may have on the human body. Then, in Paragraph 98, it stated that the\u00a0 relevant public had an average level of attention, but concluded in Paragraph 107 that the<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #808080; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva, sans-serif;\">level of attention varied from average to high.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #808080; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva, sans-serif;\">The description of the level of attention in Paragraph 52 was not consistent with Paragraphs 50, 51 and 98 of the same decision. The court said that the wording \u201cpay attention\u201d, \u201cpay attention to detail\u201d and \u201cchoose carefully\u201d unambiguously meant that the board had actually considered the level of attention of the general public to be \u201chigh\u201d. The reasoning related to the public\u2019s level of attention was therefore contradictory and rendered the board\u2019s assessment unintelligible.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #808080; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva, sans-serif;\">Once again, the Board of Appeal had unsuccessfully presented, in the corrigendum on 15 November 2023, the word \u2018high\u2019 in Paragraph 107 of the contested decision as an alleged transcription error. In the judgment of 20 November 2024 in Case T\u201113\/24, the court refused to allow that term to be deleted from Paragraph 107 by a simple corrigendum, holding that it could not rule out the possibility that, by using that term, the board had drawn the appropriate conclusions from Paragraph 52 of the contested decision.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #808080; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva, sans-serif;\">Since the Board of Appeal\u2019s assessment as to the level of attention of the relevant public was contradictory and unintelligible, the court found that it could not carry out an effective judicial review.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #808080; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva, sans-serif;\">Finally, as regards the comparison of the goods at issue, the Board of Appeal, after stating that the liqueurs covered by the earlier EU trademark on the one hand, and the gin and vodka applied for on the other, were \u201csimilar\u201d, then found that there were \u201cimportant differences\u201d. On the basis of that last approach, it concluded that the similarity of the goods at issue was \u201cnot too high\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #808080; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva, sans-serif;\">The court found that the board\u2019s reasoning as to the comparison of the goods contained a series of contradictory reasons. The inadequacy of the grounds of the contested decision, accentuated by the abstract nature of the conclusion, made that decision unintelligible as regards the assessment of the similarity of the goods at issue.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #808080; font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva, sans-serif;\">The contested decision was thus annulled. <\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldtrademarkreview.com\/article\/euipo-finds-likelihood-of-confusion-between-studio-ghibli-and-ghibli\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2273 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.herald-avocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/WTR.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.herald-avocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/WTR.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.herald-avocats.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/WTR-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'trebuchet ms', geneva, sans-serif; color: #808080;\"><em>This article first appeared on WTR Daily, part of World Trademark Review, in July 2025. For further information, please go to <a style=\"color: #808080;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.worldtrademarkreview.com\/article\/general-court-finds-board-of-appeals-assessment-unintelligible-in-soho-dispute\">www.worldtrademarkreview.com<\/a>.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Article by Richard Milchior, of counsel, in intellectual property law, published in World Trade Review.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[44,46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7861","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-alerts","category-publications-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>General Court finds Board of Appeal\u2019s assessment 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